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- <text id=91TT1826>
- <title>
- Aug. 19, 1991: To "Out" or Not to "Out"
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Aug. 19, 1991 Hostages:Why Now? Who's Next?
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- NATION, Page 17
- To "Out" or Not to "Out"
- </hdr><body>
- <p>The press wrestles with a thorny issue: When is it appropriate to
- reveal the private lives of public officials?
- </p>
- <p>By William A. Henry III--Reported by Linda Williams/New York
- </p>
- <p> When the Village Voice was offered a free-lance article
- last month that purported to expose the homosexuality of a high
- Pentagon official, editors of the radical New York City weekly
- decided to reject the piece as an unwarranted invasion of
- privacy. Last week the same editors permitted a Voice columnist
- to summarize the allegations, complete with the official's name.
- The rationale for the turnaround: the man's identity had been
- so widely circulated by other news organizations that continued
- restraint would have been "a futile exercise."
- </p>
- <p> But at the Washington Post, editors chose to cover the
- controversy without citing the official by name. Explained Karen
- DeYoung, the Post's assistant managing editor for national news:
- "Our policy is that we don't write about personal lives of
- public officials unless the personal aspects begin influencing
- the way they perform their jobs." The paper canceled a Jack
- Anderson column, normally a featured item, because it named the
- man, even though editors assumed many of Anderson's 700-plus
- clients would run the story, making the Post's discretion
- largely symbolic.
- </p>
- <p> The hottest ethical issue for journalists these days is
- where to draw the line between two colliding rights, the
- individual's right to privacy and the public's right to know--and then, having drawn the line, how to avoid being pulled
- across it by cunning manipulators or by the competitive urge on
- a breaking story. In the case of the Pentagon official, the
- press coverage was not prompted by any crime, scandal or even
- news event. It was entirely brought about by gay activists
- pursuing a political agenda. They had no grudge against the
- official. Many professed to admire him. But they were determined
- to embarrass the Pentagon about its exclusion of gays from the
- armed services. To them, it was hypocritical for Defense
- Secretary Dick Cheney to retain a high civilian official,
- knowing--or at least not caring--that he was gay, while
- continuing to enforce antigay rules that apply to the uniformed
- ranks.
- </p>
- <p> The activists had an arguable point about the apparent
- double standard within the Pentagon. But their tactics are
- controversial, and the readiness of much of the nation's news
- media to carry the story about the official raised serious
- questions about journalistic ethics and quality control. The
- article exposing the official was printed last week by the
- Advocate, a Los Angeles-based gay magazine published every two
- weeks. In a blatant bid for publicity and newsstand sales, the
- magazine faxed dozens of advance copies to mainstream
- journalists. The cover line referred to "outing" the official,
- a gay neologism for exposure of a homosexual by other
- homosexuals. The author, Michelangelo Signorile, pioneered the
- tactic in the defunct New York City gay magazine, OutWeek.
- </p>
- <p> Most of the people Signorile quoted had only hearsay
- knowledge. Their main "evidence" was that the official had
- supposedly been a regular customer in years gone by at a
- predominantly gay Washington bar. The few sources who claimed
- firsthand knowledge about him were generally permitted to remain
- anonymous. Even some unnamed sources knew nothing themselves but
- were merely quoting still more obscure acquaintances: in one
- anecdote an unidentified man said an apparent one-night stand,
- picked up in a bar, told him of having "dated" the official.
- </p>
- <p> Hardly any serious newspaper, magazine or network would
- accept so loosely sourced a story from its own staff. Yet few
- journalists tried to verify the claims in the Advocate before
- repeating its main point. Syndicated columnist Anderson and his
- partner Dale Van Atta compounded the damage with a claim that
- the official "is considering resigning because of accusations
- that he is a homosexual." Instead, Van Atta admits, the official
- directly said in an interview he had no plans to quit. Asked to
- explain this contradiction, Van Atta lamely contended, "I said
- he was considering resigning, and that's a far cry from saying
- he was seriously considering it."
- </p>
- <p> Though many major dailies declined to name the official,
- countless smaller papers ran the Anderson-Van Atta column. Among
- them was Pennsylvania's Harrisburg Patriot, from which the item
- was in turn excerpted for a Pentagon news summary distributed
- to 10,000 employees. Other dailies covered the outing debate.
- The Detroit News named the official twice in news stories; the
- New York Daily News identified him in a gossip column. All four
- TV news networks decided not to use the official's name, but
- secondary outlets used it, including cable channel CNBC, a
- corporate sibling of NBC piped into nearly 44 million homes, and
- New York station WPIX. Reasons ranged from sympathy with the gay
- activists' arguments to CNBC program executive Andy Friendly's
- observation, "Everybody's talking about this topic."
- </p>
- <p> Whether it is staking out Gary Hart's bedroom, probing the
- background of an alleged rape victim or pondering the number of
- months that passed between marriage and childbirth for the wives
- of Ronald Reagan and televangelist Pat Robertson, the press
- almost always strikes some people as having gone too far. For
- others, whose political cause is being advanced either
- intentionally or inadvertently, the deplorable can suddenly seem
- delightful. But the real question is not just who benefits from
- a media decision. Rather, it is whether the media behave
- thoughtfully and ethically. If news organizations, in the zeal
- to keep up with competitors, compromise their standards and let
- themselves be manipulated, they imperil their credibility and
- integrity--and ultimately everybody loses.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
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